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PCF based modal interferometer for lead ion detection.

Abdullah Al Noman, Jitendra Narayan Dash, Xin Cheng

    Optics Express
    |February 25, 2022
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel photonic crystal fiber sensor detects lead ions with high sensitivity and a rapid response time of 10 seconds. This reliable sensor demonstrates selectivity for lead, offering accurate heavy metal ion detection.

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    Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Nanotechnology
    • Environmental Science

    Background:

    • Heavy metal ion contamination, particularly lead, poses significant environmental and health risks.
    • Accurate and rapid detection methods are crucial for monitoring lead levels in various matrices.
    • Existing sensor technologies may face limitations in sensitivity, response time, or selectivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a compact, reliable, and fast-responsive photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based modal interferometric sensor for lead ion detection.
    • To functionalize the sensor probe for enhanced lead ion capture and signal transduction.
    • To investigate the sensor's sensitivity, detection range, response time, selectivity, and temperature stability.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a PCF-based modal interferometer by splicing PCF with single-mode fiber (SMF) and collapsing PCF air holes.
    • Functionalization of the interferometer tip with chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutathione-modified gold nanoparticles.
    • Experimental characterization of the sensor's performance for lead ion detection, including sensitivity, response time, and selectivity against other heavy metal ions.
    • Integration of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for simultaneous temperature monitoring to improve accuracy.

    Main Results:

    • The developed sensor achieved a maximum sensitivity of 0.031 nm/ppb for lead ions within a detection range of 0-50 ppb.
    • A rapid response time of approximately 10 seconds was observed for lead ion detection.
    • The sensor exhibited high selectivity towards lead ions, with minimal response to other tested heavy metal ions.
    • Temperature compensation using the embedded FBG was investigated for enhanced measurement accuracy.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed PCF-based modal interferometric sensor offers a promising platform for sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of lead ions.
    • The sensor's compact and reliable design, coupled with its fast response, makes it suitable for real-time environmental monitoring applications.
    • The integration of FBG for temperature compensation further enhances the sensor's potential for accurate lead ion quantification.