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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:34

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

9.1K
Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling...
9.1K
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds01:14

NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

5.2K
Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range.
5.2K
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

1.6K
The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
1.6K
UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

1.4K
When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar...
1.4K
¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview00:58

¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview

1.8K
The intensity of a signal, which can be represented by the area under the peak, depends on the number of protons contributing to that signal. The area under each peak is shown as a vertical line called an integral, with the integral value listed under it, as seen in the proton NMR spectrum of benzyl acetate. Each integral value is divided by the smallest integral value to obtain the ratio of the number of protons producing each signal. The ratio reveals the relative number of protons and not...
1.8K
Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation01:23

Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation

2.0K
Upon ionization, aromatic compounds generate a molecular ion that is observed as a prominent peak in their mass spectra. For example, the molecular ion peak for benzene appears at a mass-to-charge ratio of 78, while toluene is observed at a mass-to-charge ratio of 92. The molecular ion benzene is highly stable and does not readily undergo further fragmentation due to the significant amount of energy required to disrupt the aromatic stability of the benzene ring. In contrast, the molecular ion...
2.0K

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Benzene sensing by Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy at 14.85 µm.

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    A new Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy sensor effectively detects benzene, a harmful pollutant and carcinogen. This benzene sensor achieved a low detection limit, highlighting potential risks in environments like gas stations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Benzene is a significant environmental pollutant, water contaminant, and human carcinogen.
    • Accurate and sensitive detection of benzene is crucial for environmental monitoring and public health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and present a novel sensor for benzene analysis.
    • To evaluate the sensor's performance, including selectivity and limit of detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (QEPS).
    • Employing a 14.85 µm quantum cascade laser in an off-beam configuration.
    • Analyzing air samples from a gas station.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a limit of detection of 30 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) in 1 second.
    • Demonstrated a normalized noise equivalent absorption of 1.95 × 10-8 W.cm-1.Hz-1/2.
    • Exhibited high selectivity for benzene detection.

    Conclusions:

    • The QEPS sensor offers a sensitive and selective method for benzene monitoring.
    • Measurements in a gas station indicated a non-negligible risk associated with prolonged benzene exposure.
    • The sensor's performance supports its application in real-world environmental monitoring scenarios.