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Effect of Short-Duration High-Intensity Upper-Body Pre-Load Component on Performance among High-Level Cyclists.

Dmitri Valiulin1, Priit Purge1, Jarek Mäestu1

  • 1Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, Estonia.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Upper-body high-intensity exercise priming (MPThigh) was found to be slower for maximal cycling performance compared to a standard warm-up (MPTlow). This priming reduced anaerobic contribution, negatively impacting overall power output in cyclists.

Keywords:
athletic performanceglycolysislactic acidspirometry

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cycling Performance

Background:

  • Understanding the impact of pre-exercise stimuli on subsequent athletic performance is crucial for optimizing training protocols.
  • High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and specific warm-up strategies are commonly employed to enhance endurance and power output.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of upper-body high-intensity exercise priming on maximal 4000 m cycling performance.
  • To compare cycling performance between a protocol with upper-body pre-load (MPThigh) and a traditional warm-up (MPTlow).

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen high-level cyclists completed three laboratory sessions, including an incremental test and two experimental protocols.
  • The MPThigh protocol involved a 20-minute aerobic warm-up followed by a 25-second high-intensity arm crank effort.
  • Both protocols featured a 12-second all-out start for the 4000 m cycling time trial, with measurements of heart rate, blood lactate, and spirometry.

Main Results:

  • The MPThigh protocol resulted in a significantly slower overall 4000 m cycling time (5.3 ± 1.2 s slower, p < 0.05).
  • Blood lactate concentration at the start was higher in MPThigh (5.5 ± 1.5 mmol·L−1, p < 0.001), indicating greater initial physiological stress.
  • The MPTlow protocol demonstrated higher total average power output throughout the performance (p < 0.05, d = 0.7) and greater anaerobic energy contribution during key segments.

Conclusions:

  • Upper-body high-intensity exercise priming, as implemented, did not enhance but rather impaired maximal 4000 m cycling performance in trained cyclists.
  • The observed decrease in performance was attributed to a reduced anaerobic energy contribution and potentially altered physiological responses.
  • While this specific pre-load strategy was detrimental, further research may explore its potential benefits for different exercise durations or intensities.