[Dual-use research on modified pathogens in the laboratory: What framework for what issue?]

Area of Science:

• Synthetic biology
• Virology
• Biosecurity

Background:

• Technological progress in synthetic biology has significantly lowered the cost and complexity of in vitro virus modification and synthesis.
• Past research involving the creation of potential pandemic pathogens has sparked ethical and safety debates.
• The possibility of accidental release of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from laboratory settings remains a subject of ongoing discussion.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the growing need for regulatory oversight in synthetic biology concerning pathogen creation.
• To address the legislative gap in France regarding the synthesis of modified pathogens.
• To advocate for a proactive societal discussion on establishing a legal framework for dual-use research.

Main Methods:

• Review of technological advancements in synthetic biology relevant to virus synthesis.
• Analysis of historical controversies surrounding gain-of-function research.
• Examination of the current legislative landscape in France concerning biological research.

Main Results:

• The ease and affordability of creating novel viruses pose increasing biosecurity challenges.
• Existing French legislation does not adequately address the risks associated with synthesizing modified pathogens.
• The debate surrounding the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the urgency of this issue.

Conclusions:

• A clear legal framework is essential to govern research involving the synthesis of potentially hazardous pathogens.
• Establishing such regulations is crucial for balancing scientific advancement with public safety.
• Initiating a collective reflection is necessary to develop responsible policies for synthetic biology research.