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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer
Published on: February 12, 2022
Nonoperative Management of Rectal Cancer: The Watch and Wait Strategy
Bruna Borba Vailati1, Guilherme Pagin São Julião1, Angelita Habr-Gama2
1Angelita & Joaquim Gama Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract:
In recent decades, rectal cancer management has become increasingly challenging for multiple reasons. Proper imaging using dedicated magnetic resonance, standardization of total mesorectal excision, and incorporation of neoadjuvant treatment regimens have contributed to a significant decrease in local recurrence rates. The observation of complete tumor response to radiation or chemoradiation led to the proposal of organ-preservation strategies with avoidance of immediate surgery and close surveillance (Watch and Wait strategy) in selected patients. The purpose of this article is to review the current evidence related to the selection criteria and outcomes in patients enrolled in this Watch and Wait strategy.
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