Invasive cardiorespiratory monitoring

Several principles should be kept in mind when choosing appropriate monitoring. First, select monitoring devices that provide relevant information on which therapeutic decisions can be made. Second, when alternative, noninvasive monitoring devices are available, use these preferentially because the risk to the patient usually is decreased. Third, when invasive monitoring devices are used, sterile technique and catheter care become extremely important. Fourth, record information that is obtained from monitoring frequently, and titrate therapy continuously based on information generated. Fifth, remove invasive monitoring devices as soon as they are no longer necessary. Finally, when new monitoring approaches are presented, they should be evaluated not only on the basis of their sophistication and cost, but also on the basis of how important will be the new physiologic measurements they provide to improve patient outcome.