Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
Published on: September 8, 2017
Hybrid Layered Double Perovskite Halides of Transition Metals
Pratap Vishnoi1,2, Julia L Zuo1, Xiaotong Li3
1Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.
Abstract:
Hybrid layered double perovskite (HLDP) halides comprise hexacoordinated 1+ and 3+ metals in the octahedral sites within a perovskite layer and organic amine cations between the layers. Progress on such materials has hitherto been limited to compounds containing main group 3+ ions isoelectronic with PbII (such as SbIII and BiIII). Here, we report eight HLDP halides from the A2MMX8 family, where A = para-phenylenediammonium (PPDA), 1,4-butanediammonium (1,4-BDA), or 1,3-propanediammonium (1,3-PDA); MI = Cu or Ag; MIII = Ru or Mo; X = Cl or Br. The optical band gaps, which lie in the range 1.55 to 2.05 eV, are tunable according to the layer composition, but are largely independent of the spacer. Magnetic measurements carried out for (PPDA)2AgIRuIIICl8 and (PPDA)2AgIMoIIICl8 show no obvious evidence of a magnetic ordering transition. While the t23 MoIII compound displays Curie-Weiss behavior for a spin-only d3 ion, the t25 RuIII compound displays marked deviations from the Kotani theory.
Related Concept Videos
Valence Bond Theory
Metallic Solids
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Colors and Magnetism
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

