Dental Implant Navigation System Based on Trinocular Stereo Vision

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Computer Vision
• Dental Surgery

Background:

• Traditional dental implant navigation systems (DINS) using binocular stereo vision (BSV) suffer from occlusion issues and feature point mismatching.
• These limitations restrict surgical scope and increase risks of damaging adjacent anatomical structures.
• Enhanced accuracy and safety are crucial for predictable dental implant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce and evaluate a novel trinocular stereo vision (TSV) based DINS.
• To improve the accuracy, safety, and anti-occlusion capabilities of dental implant navigation.
• To address feature point mismatching and ensure surgical continuity.

Main Methods:

• Implementation of a TSV system by adding a camera to traditional DINS.
• Development of a bipolar line constraint algorithm to resolve feature point mismatching.
• Utilized active optical markers on reference and T-type templates for tracking head and instrument movement; proposed calibration algorithms for real-time 3D surgical instrument display.

Main Results:

• The TSV system demonstrated improved positioning accuracy and maintained spatial positioning even when one camera was occluded.
• Phantom experiments yielded mean entry deviation of 0.55 mm, exit deviation of 0.88 mm, and angle deviation of 2.23 degrees.
• The system successfully integrated preoperative planning for real-time navigation during simulated implant surgery.

Conclusions:

• The proposed TSV-based DINS significantly enhances accuracy and safety compared to BSV systems.
• The system effectively overcomes occlusion and feature point mismatching issues, improving surgical continuity.
• This technology offers a feasible and accurate solution for computer-assisted dental implant surgery.