Data-Driven Phenotyping of Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence With Unsupervised Clustering

Jari K Gool¹, Zhongxing Zhang², Martijn S S L Oei²+26

• ¹From the Sleep Wake Center SEIN Heemstede (J.K.G., R.F., G.J.L.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (J.K.G., R.F., G.J.L.), Leiden University Medical Center; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences (J.K.G., S.M.), Amsterdam UMC (Location VUmc), the Netherlands; Center for Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research and Epileptology (Z.Z., R.K.), Klinik Barmelweid AG, Barmelweid, Switzerland; Leiden Observatory (M.S.S.L.O.), Leiden University, the Netherlands; Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (Y.D., L.B.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (Y.D., L.B.); Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM (Y.D., L.B.), Univ Montpellier, INSERM, France; Neurology Department (G.M.), Hephata Klinik, Schwalmstadt, Germany; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences (G.P.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (G.P, F.P.), Bologna, Italy; Neurophysiology and Sleep Disorders Unit (R.d.R.-V.), Hospital Vithas Nuestra Señora de América, Madrid; Neurology Service (J.S.C.), Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Department and Centre of Clinical Neurosciences (K.S.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Helsinki Sleep Clinic (M.P.), Vitalmed Research Center, Finland; Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe (S.O.), Heeze; Eindhoven University of Technology (S.O.), the Netherlands; Sleep and Epilepsy Unit-Clinical Neurophysiology Service (R.P.-A.), University General Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Research Institute Gregorio Marañón; University Complutense of Madrid (R.P.-A.), Spain; Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (R.H.), Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland; Serviço de Neurofisiologia (A.M.d.S.), Hospital Santo António/Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and UMIB-Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Neurology Department (B.H., A.H.), Sleep Disorders Clinic, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (A.W.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders (A.H.), University of Münster, Germany; Neurology Department (E.F.), Medical Faculty of P.J. Safarik University, University Hospital of L. Pasteur Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic; Neurology Department (M.M.), EOC, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland; Department of Sleep Medicine (J.B.), National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Fundacio d`Investigacio Sanitaria de les illes balears (F.C.), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Department of Neurology (C.L.B., M.H.S., R.K.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (F.P.), University of Bologna, Italy. j.gool@amsterdamumc.nl.+1