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Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

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Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
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Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
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Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
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Decoding pseudouridine: an emerging target for therapeutic development.

Jonas Cerneckis1, Qi Cui2, Chuan He3

  • 1Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
|April 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pseudouridine (Ψ), a key RNA modification, impacts cell function and is linked to diseases like cancer. Targeting Ψ and its machinery offers potential for new diagnostics and therapeutics.

Keywords:
PUSRNA modificationsbiomarkercancer therapym(6)Apseudouridine

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Investigation of RNA Synthesis Using 5-Bromouridine Labelling and Immunoprecipitation
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Pseudouridine (Ψ) is the most prevalent RNA modification, influencing RNA structure and function across various species.
  • Aberrant pseudouridylation is implicated in human diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders, due to dysregulation of the epitranscriptome.
  • Altered pseudouridylation impacts critical cellular processes such as protein translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of pseudouridine (Ψ) in RNA biology and human health.
  • To investigate the connection between pseudouridine (Ψ) dysregulation and disease pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of targeting pseudouridine (Ψ) and its associated machinery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing research on pseudouridine (Ψ) modifications.
  • Examination of the impact of pseudouridylation machinery on cellular processes.
  • Evaluation of emerging therapeutic and diagnostic strategies targeting pseudouridine (Ψ).

Main Results:

  • Pseudouridine (Ψ) significantly alters RNA structure and function.
  • Dysregulation of pseudouridylation is a hallmark of various human diseases.
  • The pseudouridylation machinery presents viable targets for pharmacological intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Pseudouridine (Ψ) plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and its dysregulation contributes to disease.
  • Targeting pseudouridine (Ψ) and its installation machinery holds promise for developing novel therapeutic agents.
  • Pseudouridine (Ψ) and its related enzymes can serve as valuable biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.