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Related Concept Videos

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

In Vitro Culture of Epithelial Cells from Different Anatomical Regions of the Human Amniotic Membrane
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The amnion as a window into human pluripotency.

Brian J Cox1, Amy Ralston2

  • 1Departments of Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.

Cell Stem Cell
|May 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers used human stem cells to study amnion formation, a crucial tissue for fetal development. The study reveals differences in the developmental potential of naive versus primed human pluripotent stem cells.

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Isolation, Cryopreservation and Culture of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells for Clinical Applications
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Last Updated: Sep 24, 2025

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Isolation, Cryopreservation and Culture of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells for Clinical Applications
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Isolation, Cryopreservation and Culture of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells for Clinical Applications

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Human embryogenesis

Background:

  • The amnion is a critical extraembryonic membrane essential for fetal development.
  • Understanding amnion formation is key to comprehending early human development and potential developmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the process of human amnion formation using human stem cells.
  • To compare the developmental competency of naive and primed human pluripotent stem cells in forming the amnion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in culture.
  • Employed differentiation protocols to model early human development and amnion formation.
  • Analyzed cellular and molecular characteristics of developing amnion tissue.

Main Results:

  • Successfully modeled human amnion formation in vitro using hPSCs.
  • Demonstrated distinct developmental capabilities between naive and primed hPSCs during amnion development.
  • Identified key cellular events and potential signaling pathways involved in human amnion development.

Conclusions:

  • Human stem cells provide a valuable model for studying amnion formation.
  • Naive and primed pluripotent stem cells exhibit differential potential for forming extraembryonic tissues like the amnion.
  • This research offers new insights into early human development and the plasticity of pluripotent stem cells.