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Related Concept Videos

Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

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Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

An Improved Method for the Preparation of Type I Collagen From Skin
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An Improved Method for the Preparation of Type I Collagen From Skin

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Restoring type VII collagen in skin.

Su M Lwin1, John A McGrath1

  • 1St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London SE1 9RT, UK.

Med (New York, N.Y.)
|May 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New gene therapy offers hope for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a rare skin disorder. A clinical trial shows a topical virus vector can restore collagen and heal RDEB skin wounds.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare, inherited skin disease.
  • RDEB is characterized by severe skin blistering and poor wound healing due to mutations in the COL7A1 gene.
  • Current treatments for RDEB are primarily supportive and focus on wound care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel gene therapy for RDEB.
  • To assess the potential of a topical herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) vector to deliver functional COL7A1 gene into RDEB skin.
  • To determine if the gene therapy can restore type VII collagen production and promote wound healing.

Main Methods:

  • An early-phase clinical trial was conducted.
  • A topical HSV-1 vector carrying the COL7A1 gene was applied to RDEB skin lesions.

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  • Skin biopsies were analyzed for type VII collagen expression and skin structure.
  • Wound healing was assessed clinically.

    • Main Results:

    • The topical gene therapy was found to be safe in the early-phase trial.
    • Restoration of type VII collagen was observed in the treated RDEB skin.
    • Evidence of wound healing was noted in the treated areas.

    Conclusions:

    • Topical gene therapy using an HSV-1 vector shows promise for treating RDEB.
    • This approach offers a potential new therapeutic strategy for patients with this rare blistering skin disease.
    • Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm efficacy and long-term outcomes.