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Related Concept Videos

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

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Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Plant Tissue Culture02:57

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Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.
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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
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Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

A Gusseted Thermogradient Table to Control Soil Temperatures for Evaluating Plant Growth and Monitoring Soil Processes
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A Gusseted Thermogradient Table to Control Soil Temperatures for Evaluating Plant Growth and Monitoring Soil Processes

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Comprehensive temperature controller with internet connectivity for plant growth experiments.

Kyle McDowell1, Yang Zhong1, Kira Webster2

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii, 2500 Campus Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.

Hardwarex
|May 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents an affordable, DIY temperature controller for plant growth experiments. It offers precise climate control, real-time data monitoring, and integration capabilities, aiding research on plant responses to warming.

Keywords:
AutomationOpen sourcePlantsTemperature controlTemperature monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Precise temperature control is crucial for studying plant responses to climate change.
  • Commercial temperature controllers are often expensive or unsuitable for plant growth experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-cost, user-friendly, and comprehensive temperature controller for enclosed plant growth environments.
  • To enable accurate monitoring and control of temperature for plant performance studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for independent heating and cooling elements.
  • Integrated an internal clock for diurnal cycle control and Wi-Fi for real-time data transfer.
  • Designed using off-the-shelf components for affordability (approx. $USD63).

Main Results:

  • Achieved precise temperature control (sensor accuracy ±0.1°C, controller accuracy ±0.3°C) with minimal overshoot.
  • Enabled real-time data visualization via a web interface.
  • Demonstrated potential for integration with other environmental controllers for complex experiments.

Conclusions:

  • The developed controller provides an accessible solution for accurate environmental control in plant science research.
  • This affordable system can facilitate a deeper understanding of plant performance under changing climatic conditions.
  • The modular design supports integration, paving the way for advanced, multi-system experimental setups.