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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

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Sympathetic ophthalmia: A comprehensive update.

Swapnil Parchand1, Deepshikha Agrawal2, Nikitha Ayyadurai3

  • 1Department of Vitreo-retina and Uvea Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|June 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare eye inflammation after injury. Early diagnosis with imaging and long-term treatment with steroid-sparing agents are crucial for managing this condition.

Keywords:
Dalen–Fuchs nodulegranulomatous uveitisimmunosuppressionocular traumapanuveitissympathetic ophthalmia

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare, bilateral, granulomatous panuveitis.
  • It occurs after penetrating eye trauma or surgery, typically within a year but can be delayed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of sympathetic ophthalmia.
  • To highlight the role of multimodal imaging in early diagnosis.
  • To discuss newer treatments for persistent cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on sympathetic ophthalmia.
  • Analysis of diagnostic imaging techniques.
  • Evaluation of immunomodulatory and biological agents.

Main Results:

  • Sympathetic ophthalmia presents as granulomatous uveitis with Dalen-Fuchs nodules.
  • Corticosteroids provide initial relief, but recurrences necessitate long-term management.
  • Multimodal imaging aids in early and accurate diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding pathophysiology is key to managing sympathetic ophthalmia.
  • Prompt diagnosis via imaging and sustained treatment are vital.
  • Novel immunomodulatory agents offer new hope for recalcitrant cases.