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Urinary stone composition in Germany: results from 45,783 stone analyses
Roswitha Siener1, Helena Herwig2, Jakob Rüdy2
1Department of Urology, University Stone Center, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany. Roswitha.Siener@ukbonn.de.
World Journal of Urology
|June 6, 2022
Summary
Urinary stone composition in Germany shows calcium oxalate is most common. Stone type and crystal form vary significantly by patient gender and age, particularly during working years.
Area of Science:
- Urology and Nephrology
- Biochemistry
- Public Health
Background:
- Urinary stone composition analysis is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urolithiasis.
- Understanding the demographics of stone composition aids in targeted prevention strategies.
- Previous studies have indicated variations in stone composition, but large-scale German data is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the distribution of urinary stone components in Germany.
- To investigate the influence of patient gender and age on urinary stone composition and crystal forms.
- To identify potential associations between lithogenesis and demographic factors.
Main Methods:
- Infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze 45,783 urinary stones from 32,512 men and 13,271 women (2007-2020).
- Only the first calculus per patient was included to avoid bias.
- Statistical analysis was performed to assess the impact of gender and age.
Main Results:
- Calcium oxalate (CaOx) was the most prevalent component (71.4%), followed by carbonate apatite (CA) (10.2%) and uric acid (UA) (8.3%).
- CaOx and UA stones were more common in men than women (p < 0.001).
- Younger patients showed a higher prevalence of weddellite (COD) and uric acid dihydrate (UAD) compared to whewellite (COM) and anhydrous uric acid (UAA), respectively. Peak stone incidence occurred between ages 40-59.
Conclusions:
- Urinary stone composition is significantly influenced by gender and age in the German population.
- The peak incidence of stones aligns with the most active working years, suggesting lifestyle factors may play a role.
- Differentiating crystal forms offers insights into lithogenesis mechanisms, warranting further research into causative factors.
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