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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:17

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
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Common Finger Fractures and Dislocations.

Marc A Childress1, Jairo Olivas2, Anna Crutchfield2

  • 1Fairfax Family Medicine Residency Program, Fairfax, VA, USA.

American Family Physician
|June 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common finger fractures and dislocations present with deformity and swelling. Treatment varies from splinting for uncomplicated fractures to surgery for complex injuries, emphasizing prompt diagnosis via radiography.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Finger fractures and dislocations are frequent in primary care.
  • Patients exhibit deformity, swelling, bruising, and functional loss.
  • Radiography is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline diagnostic and management strategies for finger fractures and dislocations.
  • To differentiate between injuries requiring primary care and specialist referral.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common finger injuries presenting in primary care.
  • Classification of fractures and dislocations based on phalanx and joint involved.
  • Description of radiographic assessment (anteroposterior, lateral, oblique).

Main Results:

  • Distal phalanx fractures: Splinting for uncomplicated crush injuries; surgery for flexor digitorum profundus avulsions.
  • Mallet finger (distal interphalangeal joint avulsion): Requires 8 weeks of immobilization.
  • Proximal and middle phalanx fractures: Buddy splinting for minimal angulation; reduction/surgery for significant displacement or malrotation.
  • Proximal interphalangeal joint dislocations: Dorsal type needs reduction and splinting; volar type requires 4-6 weeks of extension splinting.
  • Distal interphalangeal joint dislocations: Reduction and splinting for 2-3 weeks.
  • Metacarpophalangeal joint dislocations: Dorsal type managed with reduction/splinting, referral if difficult; volar type requires specialist referral.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate radiographic assessment guides appropriate management of finger injuries.
  • Many uncomplicated finger fractures and dislocations can be managed in primary care.
  • Referral to orthopedics is necessary for complex or irreducible dislocations and certain fractures.