Enhanced multi-stir bar sorptive extraction for wine analysis: Alteration in headspace mode

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Food Chemistry
• Chemometrics

Background:

• Multi-stir bar sorptive extraction (multi-SBSE) offers advancements in sample preparation for foodomics and metabolomics.
• Increased sorbent quantity and polarity range in multi-SBSE can improve experimental data quality.
• Authentication of geographically specific wines like botrytized Tokaj wine requires sophisticated analytical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and optimize a multi-SBSE procedure for the authentication of botrytized wines from the Tokaj wine region.
• To investigate the influence of various experimental parameters on multi-SBSE efficiency, including extraction temperature and salt addition.
• To utilize comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) for detailed chemical profiling of wine samples.

Main Methods:

• Modification of the headspace mode of multi-SBSE for enhanced stir bar agitation.
• Application of EG-Silicone and PDMS coated stir bars in headspace and immersion modes, respectively.
• Multivariate optimization using a central composite design and a third-order polynomial model.
• Analysis of extracted compounds using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC).
• Chemometric analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA), for sample discrimination.

Main Results:

• The optimized multi-SBSE procedure, particularly with salt addition, significantly influenced extraction efficiency in both headspace and immersion modes.
• GC×GC analysis revealed specific compounds such as sulfur-containing compounds, diols, ketone derivatives, and methoxybenzenes that correlate with geographical origin.
• Combined data from EG-Silicone and PDMS extractions, processed with PCA, demonstrated considerable progress in discriminating botrytized wines based on their chemical profiles.

Conclusions:

• The developed multi-SBSE method, coupled with GC×GC, is effective for the authentication and geographical origin determination of botrytized wines.
• The study highlights the importance of sorbent selection, extraction conditions (e.g., salt addition), and advanced analytical techniques for complex sample analysis.
• This approach provides a robust platform for foodomics and metabolomics investigations, particularly in wine authentication and quality control.