A review on synthesis, modification method, and challenges of light-driven H₂ evolution using g-C₃N₄-based...

The energy scarcity is exacerbating and needs an urgent solution. The most plausible solution to address the forthcoming energy scarcity is to diversify the energy sources. Developing the water-splitting process (WSP) efficiency depends on solar energy representing "21st-century dream technology". We present a comprehensive review of related papers employing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) as pure, doped, or composite nanostructure in the evolution of hydrogen from water dissociation under simulated sunlight irradiation, mainly in the last ten years. Herein, after a concise introduction to the main principle of the water-splitting process, the methods to synthesize, modify and upgrade the photocatalytic performance of g-C₃N₄ were reviewed in detail. Moreover, the main challenges of using g-C₃N₄-based photocatalytic material in WSP have been mentioned. The report mainly targets the g-C₃N₄ character, synthesis method, photocatalytic activity, and strategies toward enhancing photoreactivity under visible light, along with the reusability of the fabricated nanohybrid catalysts. Above and over, this review suggests the potential of g-C₃N₄ to produce green H₂ from water at a competitive price, which can contribute to satisfying the global energy sector demand and suppressing global warming.