From Centralized to Decentralized Model of Simulation-Based Education: Curricular Integration of Take-Home Simulators...

In a centralized model of simulation-based education (Ce-SBE), students practice skills in simulation laboratories, while in a decentralized model (De-SBE), they practice skills outside of these laboratories. The cost of "take-home" simulators is a barrier that can be overcome with additive manufacturing (AM). Our objective was to develop and evaluate the quality of education when year one nursing students practiced clinical skills from home following normal curricular activities but in the De-SBE format. A group of expert educators, designers, and researchers followed a two-cycle, iterative design-to-cost approach to develop three simulators: wound care and urethral catheterization (male and female). The total cost of manufacturing all three simulators was USD 5,000. These were sent to all year one nursing students who followed an online curriculum. Twenty-nine students completed the survey, which indicated that the simulators supported the students' learning needs, and several changes were requested to improve the educational value. The results indicate that substituting traditional simulators with AM-simulators provided an acceptable alternative for nursing students to learn wound care and urethral catheterization off-campus in De-SBE. The feedback also provided suggestions to improve each of the simulators to make the experience more authentic.