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Never run a changing system: Action-effect contingency shapes prospective agency.

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Summary

The sense of agency (SoA) is sensitive to action-effect outcomes. Our study shows SoA influences future actions, suggesting a shift towards analyzing statistical regularities in environments for understanding perceived agency.

Keywords:
Action-effect contingencyInterindividual differencesPerson-situation interactionProspective agencySense of agency

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Human Action Control

Background:

  • Human action control relies on environmental action-effect contingencies.
  • The subjective sense of agency (SoA) is a key factor in how individuals perceive their actions and their outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of SoA in action control sensitivity to action-effect contingencies.
  • To explore situational and individual factors influencing SoA.
  • To examine the relationship between SoA and future action decisions.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale study (N=556) involving participants experiencing varying reward probabilities.
  • Participants provided summary evaluations of their SoA after action-effect episodes.
  • Analysis of the relationship between contingency, SoA, individual differences, and subsequent action decisions.

Main Results:

  • A quadratic relationship was found between action-effect contingency and SoA, with perfect contingencies having a disproportionately strong effect.
  • Gender, assertiveness, and neuroticism showed small but reliable influences on SoA, particularly with imperfect contingencies.
  • SoA reflected environmental reward structures and predicted future action decisions, considering both situational and personal factors.

Conclusions:

  • SoA is a crucial element in action control, linking environmental contingencies to instrumental action.
  • Individual differences play a role in SoA, especially under uncertain conditions.
  • Future research should adopt a prospective approach, analyzing statistical regularities for a deeper understanding of perceived agency.