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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

Structures of Solids

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication

Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication

Published on: July 17, 2015

One-Dimensional Atomic Chains for Ultimate-Scaled Electronics.

You Meng, Wei Wang, Johnny C Ho¹

¹Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.

|August 23, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Emerging one-dimensional inorganic atomic chains (ACs) offer a solution to the physical limits of transistor downscaling. These ultrathin ACs could enable atomic-scale transistors and novel electronic devices.

Keywords:

atomic chain downscaling electronic one-dimensional van der Waals interaction

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Transistor downscaling, crucial for modern electronics, faces physical limitations due to shrinking component sizes.
Current semiconductor technology is approaching fundamental physical boundaries for further miniaturization.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose one-dimensional (1D) inorganic atomic chains (ACs) as a novel material system to overcome current downscaling limits.
To highlight the potential of ACs for creating atomic-scale transistors and exploring unique material properties.

Main Methods:

This perspective discusses the theoretical potential and properties of 1D inorganic atomic chains.
Analysis focuses on the structural characteristics and van der Waals (vdW) packing of these atomic chains.

Main Results:

1D ACs, due to their intrinsic 1D structure and terminated surfaces, can potentially enable transistors with atomic-scale diameters.
Few-atom-width ACs may exhibit distinct physical properties compared to conventional materials, opening new avenues for research.

Conclusions:

Ultrathin 1D AC materials represent a promising frontier for next-generation electronics.
These materials could lead to the development of ultimate-scaled electronic, optoelectronic, thermoelectric, spintronic, and memory devices.