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Even-echo rephasing and constant velocity flow.

J Katz, R M Peshock, C R Malloy

    Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Even-echo rephasing in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for non-pluglike flow requires specific gradient timing. Constant velocity is implied by rephasing across all echo times, but typical MRI gradients may prevent this for non-pluglike flow.

    Area of Science:

    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
    • Biophysics
    • Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • Previous studies established even-echo rephasing for constant velocity flow with constant magnetic field gradients.
    • Understanding flow dynamics in MRI is crucial for accurate imaging and physiological measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the conditions for even-echo rephasing in non-pluglike flow using pulsed readout gradients in MRI.
    • To determine the relationship between even-echo rephasing, flow velocity, and gradient timing in MRI.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of spin-echo phase behavior under pulsed gradient conditions.
    • Examination of the impact of gradient start times and flow characteristics (velocity, acceleration) on echo rephasing.
    • Comparison of theoretical findings with typical MRI gradient schemes (slice selection, readout gradients).

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    Main Results:

    • Even-echo rephasing for non-pluglike flow occurs if and only if pulsed readout gradients start simultaneously with the 90-degree pulse.
    • For these specific gradients, even-echo rephasing across all echo times implies constant flow velocity.
    • Typical MRI gradients (slice selection, readout starting after 90-degree pulse) often prevent even-echo rephasing for non-pluglike, constant velocity flow.

    Conclusions:

    • The timing of pulsed gradients is critical for achieving even-echo rephasing in non-pluglike flow MRI.
    • Constant flow velocity can be inferred from consistent even-echo rephasing under specific gradient conditions.
    • Standard MRI gradient implementations may limit the observation of even-echo rephasing, impacting flow quantification.