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Related Experiment Videos

Phencyclidine intoxication: a literature review.

L J Sioris, E P Krenzelok

    American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
    |November 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) intoxication presents with varied symptoms based on dose, ranging from confusion to severe complications. Treatment focuses on supportive care, decontamination, and managing specific symptoms like psychosis or seizures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Emergency Medicine
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) is a dissociative anesthetic with a history of recreational abuse.
    • PCP intoxication can lead to a spectrum of clinical presentations, from mild confusion to severe medical emergencies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the history, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and pharmacology of phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) intoxication.
    • To provide a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing PCP overdose.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of historical data, clinical presentations, and pharmacological properties of PCP.
    • Summary of current treatment strategies and supportive care for PCP intoxication.

    Main Results:

    • Low to moderate PCP doses (5-20 mg) cause acute confusional states (4-6 hours).
    • High doses (>20 mg) can lead to serious neurologic and cardiovascular complications, including prolonged coma.
    • Treatment involves supportive measures, decontamination (activated charcoal, cathartics), and symptom management (diazepam, chlorpromazine, antihypertensives, anticonvulsants).

    Conclusions:

    • Management of PCP intoxication requires a multi-faceted approach including supportive care and targeted interventions.
    • Techniques like ion-trapping (urine acidification) and forced diuresis may enhance PCP clearance.
    • Further research may clarify the role of specific agents like physostigmine.

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