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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Fibroblasts01:09

Introduction to Fibroblasts

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Rudolph Virchow discovered spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts in 1858. Inactive fibroblasts, called fibrocytes, become activated by various stimuli, such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, inflammation, formation of new blood vessels, and cancer progression. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts results in fibrosis, the excess deposition of fibrous tissue, which can lead to scarring and affect normal organs. This...
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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ACTIVATION OF HUMAN FIBROBLASTS BY CHRONIC RADIATION RATHER THAN ACUTE RADIATION.

T Shimura1, E Zaharieva2, M Sasatani2

  • 1Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan.

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic radiation therapy activates fibroblasts, promoting tumor growth by forming the tumor microenvironment (TME). This contrasts with acute radiation, highlighting radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key stromal cells driving tumor initiation and progression within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Previous research indicated fractionated radiation, not acute radiation, causes mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to fibroblast activation in normal tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of chronic radiation exposure on fibroblast activation.
  • To compare the effects of acute, fractionated, and chronic radiation on fibroblast activation and CAF marker expression.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of healthy human cells to acute (<2.5 Gy) and chronic (2.5 Gy) radiation.
  • Assessment of alpha-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression as a marker for CAF activation.

Main Results:

  • Acute radiation (<2.5 Gy) did not significantly increase α-SMA expression in healthy human cells.
  • Chronic radiation (2.5 Gy) significantly increased α-SMA expression, indicating fibroblast activation.
  • Fibroblast activation is dependent on the radiation technique (acute, fractionated, or chronic).

Conclusions:

  • Radiation exposure, particularly chronic radiation, can activate fibroblasts.
  • Activated fibroblasts contribute to tumor development through the formation of the TME.
  • The method of radiation delivery influences fibroblast activation and potentially tumor progression.