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    This study presents a modular software for multichannel Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) control using Raspberry Pi. The system achieves reliable, real-time eight-channel FES control, optimizing performance for embedded applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Rehabilitation Technology
    • Embedded Systems

    Background:

    • Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) requires reliable, real-time multichannel control systems.
    • Transitioning FES systems to embedded platforms like Raspberry Pi presents challenges in processing power and resource management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To implement and test a modular software for multichannel FES control on a Raspberry Pi.
    • To analyze software processing timings and hardware resource utilization for different Raspberry Pi models and configurations.
    • To evaluate system performance under various operational conditions, including high channel counts and demanding acquisition parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a modular software architecture for multichannel FES control.
    • Utilized Raspberry Pi as the core processing unit, evaluating different models for user-supervised and stand-alone use-cases.
    • Performed timing analysis and hardware resource monitoring for various software configurations.
    • Tested system reliability and performance with up to eight simultaneous FES channels and under constrained acquisition parameters.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully implemented and tested a multichannel FES control software on Raspberry Pi.
    • Achieved simultaneous control of eight FES channels with 0% lost packets and minimized processing latency.
    • Identified performance limitations and reduced usable channels under more constraining acquisition parameters, particularly in the stand-alone use-case.
    • Demonstrated suitability of different Raspberry Pi models for varying FES application demands.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed modular software provides a reliable and efficient solution for multichannel FES control in embedded systems.
    • Raspberry Pi is a viable platform for real-time FES applications, with performance adaptable to specific use-cases.
    • System optimization is crucial for achieving high channel counts and reliable operation under demanding FES parameters.