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NAFLD and thyroid function: pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations.

Erifili Hatziagelaki1, Stavroula A Paschou2, Martin Schön3

  • 1Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|September 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone agonists show promise in treating NAFLD by improving lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function.

Keywords:
hypothyroidismnonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseresmetiromthyroxinetriglyceridestriiodothyronine

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents significant hepatic and extrahepatic health challenges globally.
  • Thyroid hormones critically regulate energy and lipid metabolism, suggesting a connection with NAFLD pathogenesis.
  • Hypothyroidism is associated with dyslipidemia, reduced hepatic fatty acid oxidation, insulin resistance, and increased triglyceride accumulation, factors contributing to NAFLD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the pathogenic relationship between thyroid dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  • To review the therapeutic potential of liver-specific thyroid hormone receptor agonists in NAFLD treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating thyroid function in NAFLD patients.
  • Analysis of research on the mechanisms of thyroid hormone action on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data for thyroid hormone receptor agonists in NAFLD.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid dysfunction, especially hypothyroidism, is frequently observed in NAFLD patients.
  • Thyroid hormone receptor β agonists have demonstrated efficacy in improving lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial respiration in preclinical and clinical studies.
  • These agonists may mitigate NAFLD progression by enhancing hepatic lipid metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between thyroid disease and NAFLD necessitates heightened clinical awareness.
  • Optimized screening and management strategies for the co-occurrence of thyroid disorders and NAFLD are crucial.
  • Targeting thyroid hormone pathways offers a promising therapeutic avenue for NAFLD.