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Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
Published on: April 28, 2020
Toxicologic Insults to the Bovine Liver
1Veterinary Education, Research, & Outreach Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, PO Box 60819, Canyon, TX 79016, USA.
Abstract:
The liver is subject to toxic insult due to its role in the metabolism of exogenous substances and the direct filtration of blood from the portal circulation, which carries absorbed toxins from the gastrointestinal system. Metabolism of xenobiotics in the liver is facilitated by high concentrations of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which catalyze biotransformation of foreign substances; conjugation of toxin metabolites increases their solubility and enhances excretion. An understanding of the common hepatotoxins and the circumstances that lead to their exposure in cattle will aid the clinician in recognizing clinical syndromes and submitting appropriate diagnostic samples for confirmation of suspected diagnoses.
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