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Sex Differences in Airway Diseases
Mackenzie Latour1, Devyani Lal2, Michael T Yim1
1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|October 20, 2022
Summary
Sex and gender significantly influence unified airway diseases, affecting their development, severity, and treatment response. Understanding these differences is crucial for personalized patient care and improved health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Respiratory Medicine
- Medical Research
Background:
- Sex and gender are recognized determinants of health.
- Significant male-female differences exist in the pathophysiology, burden, and treatment of various diseases.
- The unified airway, encompassing the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, is affected by these sex-based disparities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on how patient sex influences diseases of the unified airway.
- To highlight the impact of sex on epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.
- To underscore the importance of considering sex-based factors in unified airway research and clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating sex and gender differences in unified airway diseases.
- Synthesis of findings related to intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing these differences.
- Analysis of epidemiological data, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and patient outcomes.
Main Results:
- Male-female differences in unified airway diseases are driven by a complex interplay of factors.
- These factors include anatomical, morphometric, hormonal, genetic/epigenetic, environmental, psycho-social, and comorbidity-related elements.
- Patient sex demonstrably impacts disease epidemiology, diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and overall outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Sex and gender are critical determinants in the manifestation and progression of unified airway diseases.
- Recognizing and addressing these differences is essential for advancing personalized medicine in this field.
- Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying sex-based disparities and optimize therapeutic interventions.
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