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Middle-distance Front Crawl Determinants When Using a Wetsuit.

Ana Gay1, Jesús J Ruiz-Navarro1, Francisco Cuenca-Fernández1

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Wetsuit thickness, particularly in the upper and lower limbs, significantly enhances middle-distance swimming performance. Faster limb movements and swimmer age also contribute to improved race times in wetsuit conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Human Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Wetsuits are commonly used in open water swimming and triathlons.
  • Understanding the specific factors contributing to wetsuit performance benefits is crucial for athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the key determinants influencing the performance advantages of wetsuits in middle-distance swimming.
  • To analyze the relationship between anthropometric, kinematic, and physiological variables and wetsuit-assisted swimming speed.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-one swimmers completed two 400m front crawl swims, one with a wetsuit and one without.
  • Measurements included anthropometrics, kinematics, and blood lactate concentrations.
  • Statistical analyses employed Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise linear regression.

Main Results:

  • Wetsuit use improved 400m front crawl time, with benefits linked to swimmer age, cross-sectional area, wetsuit limb thickness, stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL), and blood lactate.
  • In females, wetsuit limb thickness was a primary factor, while in males, age and changes in SR and SL were significant.
  • Wetsuit upper limb thickness and SR changes explained 48% of time improvement in the total sample.

Conclusions:

  • Wetsuit upper and lower limb thickness positively impact 400m front crawl performance.
  • Optimizing limb movement speed (stroke rate) and length, alongside appropriate wetsuit design, is key for enhancing swimming efficiency.