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Related Concept Videos

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

3.0K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
3.0K
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

692
Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
692
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

42.0K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
42.0K
Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent01:14

Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent

3.1K
Lithium dialkyl cuprate, also known as Gilman reagents, selectively reduces acid halides to ketones. The acid chloride is treated with Gilman reagent at −78 °C in the presence of ether solution to produce a ketone in good yield.
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen...
3.1K
Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction01:20

Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

5.1K
Amide reduction with strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution to form amines. Primary, secondary, and tertiary amides yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, respectively.
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
5.1K

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Updated: Aug 21, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Highly reversible Li metal anode using a binary alloy interface.

Jiahe Chen1,2, Zejun Sun1, Zhendong Li1

  • 1Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China. yaoxy@nimte.ac.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|November 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel binary alloy interface using silver (Ag) and zinc (Zn) to suppress lithium dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). This innovation enhances electrode stability and promotes long-term battery performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Lithium dendrite growth is a critical challenge for the safety and longevity of lithium metal batteries (LMBs).
  • Existing methods to suppress dendrites often compromise battery performance or stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a novel interface for lithium metal anodes that effectively suppresses dendrite formation.
  • To enhance the lithiophilicity and electrochemical stability of lithium metal electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a binary alloy interface with silver (Ag) inner nucleation cores and zinc (Zn) outer diffusion shells.
  • Electrochemical testing of the Li-Ag-Zn electrode in LMBs to evaluate cycling stability and dendrite suppression.

Main Results:

  • The Li-Ag-Zn electrode demonstrated significantly improved cycling stability compared to bare Li or Li-Ag electrodes.
  • The binary alloy interface successfully created a lithium solubility gradient, promoting uniform lithium deposition.
  • Enhanced lithiophilicity and stability of the Li-Ag-Zn electrode were observed.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed Ag-Zn binary alloy interface effectively suppresses lithium dendrite growth in LMBs.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for achieving long-term stable cycling of lithium metal batteries.