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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Distal Radioulnar Joint: Normal Anatomy, Imaging of Common Disorders, and Injury Classification.

Dyan V Flores1, Darwin Fernández Umpire1, Kawan S Rakhra1

  • 1From the Department of Medical Imaging, Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6 (D.V.F., K.S.R., Z.J.); Department of Radiology, Clínica Internacional, Lima, Peru (D.F.U.); and Department of Radiology, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Vitacura, Chile (G.A.S.B.).

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|November 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is crucial for wrist stability, relying on the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). Imaging modalities like MRI and CT aid in diagnosing DRUJ disorders and TFCC tears.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is a critical articulation for forearm function and stability.
  • It relies on intrinsic and extrinsic soft-tissue stabilizers, primarily the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC).
  • Dysfunction can arise from traumatic, overuse, degenerative, inflammatory, or developmental causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anatomy and imaging considerations of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ).
  • To illustrate common disorders affecting the DRUJ and their diagnostic approaches.
  • To discuss the role of various imaging modalities in evaluating DRUJ pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical structures and biomechanics of the DRUJ.
  • Discussion of imaging techniques including radiography, CT, US, MRI, and arthrography.
  • Correlation of imaging findings with clinical and arthroscopic assessments.

Main Results:

  • The TFCC is the primary stabilizer of the DRUJ, with lesions classified by Palmer and Atzei systems.
  • Radiography and CT assess osseous integrity and alignment; US screens for synovitis and tendon instability.
  • MRI offers comprehensive soft-tissue and osseous evaluation; arthrography enhances TFCC assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of DRUJ disorders requires understanding its complex anatomy and the utility of various imaging modalities.
  • The Atzei classification offers a promising approach correlating findings and guiding treatment.
  • Advanced imaging techniques like MRI and arthrography are vital for surgical decision-making in TFCC pathologies.