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Imaging of Congenital/Childhood Central Nervous System Infections

Tang Phua Hwee1, Thoon Koh Cheng2

  • 1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899.

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|November 20, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This article discusses how pediatric central nervous system infections evolve with country development, emphasizing neuroimaging roles. It covers congenital infections, neonatal diseases, and long-term effects, showcasing diverse imaging findings.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) infections present differently as countries develop.
  • Understanding evolving neuroimaging findings is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Congenital and neonatal infections remain significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the changing landscape of pediatric CNS infections.
  • To review the utility of various neuroimaging modalities in pediatric CNS infections.
  • To discuss common and emerging infectious etiologies and their imaging features.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging findings in pediatric CNS infections.
  • Discussion of congenital infections (TORCH), neonatal infections (Group B Strep, E. coli), and outbreaks.
  • Inclusion of iatrogenic, opportunistic, immune-mediated changes, and mimics.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging, particularly cranial ultrasound and MR imaging, plays a vital role.
  • Common findings include congenital TORCH infections, neonatal bacterial meningitis, and viral encephalitis.
  • Long-term sequelae and non-infectious mimics require careful consideration.

Conclusions:

  • The profile of pediatric CNS infections is dynamic and influenced by socioeconomic factors.
  • Comprehensive neuroimaging interpretation is essential for accurate diagnosis and patient care.
  • Awareness of diverse etiologies, including congenital, neonatal, and opportunistic infections, is critical.

Keywords:
Central Nervous System InfectionsChildhoodComputed tomographyCongenitalMR imagingTORCHUltrasound

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