The association between preexisting conditions and osteoarthritis development in peripheral joints: A population
Andrea Dell'Isola1, Aleksandra Turkiewicz1, Weiya Zhang2
1Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open
|December 7, 2022
Summary
Prior medical conditions increase osteoarthritis (OA) risk, with varying associations for knee, hip, and other joints. Early-life multimorbidity impacts OA diagnosis risk, differing by joint type.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease.
- Understanding pre-diagnostic risk factors for OA is crucial for prevention and management.
- Previous research has explored risk factors, but site-specific associations require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between pre-diagnosed comorbidities and the risk of incident osteoarthritis (OA) at different joint sites.
- To determine if the risk of OA diagnosis varies based on the specific joint (knee, hip, other peripheral joints).
Main Methods:
- A nested case-control study utilizing Swedish Skåne region register data.
- Identified incident OA cases (knee, hip, other) diagnosed between 2018-2019 in individuals aged 45+.
- Matched controls were selected using incidence density sampling, controlling for age, sex, and residential area. Adjusted conditional logistic regression analyzed 50 comorbidities as exposures.
Main Results:
- Hypertension, back pain, gout, allergy, depression, anxiety, and migraine were linked to a higher risk of knee OA.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease and back pain were associated with an increased risk of hip OA.
- Several comorbidities correlated with an elevated risk of OA diagnosis in other peripheral joints, including generalized OA.
Conclusions:
- The presence of multimorbidity earlier in life is associated with an increased risk of OA diagnosis.
- The identified associations between comorbidities and OA risk appear to differ between weight-bearing (knee, hip) and non-weight-bearing joints.
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