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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
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Pharmacovigilance01:19

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Drug Excretion: Pulmonary and Glandular Routes01:22

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Gaseous substances like general anesthetics are absorbed and excreted through the lungs via simple diffusion. This process depends on factors such as pulmonary blood flow, respiration rate, and the substance's solubility. Gaseous anesthetics like nitrous oxide with low blood solubility are excreted rapidly, while compounds like alcohol, with high blood and tissue solubility, are excreted slowly.
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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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An Efficient Single—Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice
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Medication Safety in Breastfeeding.

Jeanne P Spencer1, Stephanie Thomas2, Ruth H Trondsen Pawlowski1

  • 1DLP Conemaugh Family Medicine Residency Program, Johnstown, Pennsylvania.

American Family Physician
|December 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breastfeeding mothers can safely use many medications, but careful selection is crucial. Consult resources like LactMed to minimize infant risk when choosing drugs for conditions like depression or diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Lactation
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Breastfeeding is optimal infant nutrition, but maternal medication use can cause concern.
  • Medication transfer into breast milk depends on drug properties and maternal levels.
  • Accurate resources are vital for safe prescribing during lactation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidance on medication selection for breastfeeding mothers.
  • To highlight safe medication options for common maternal conditions.
  • To inform prescribers about potential risks and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pharmacologic principles of drug transfer into breast milk.
  • Analysis of safety data for various drug classes in lactating women.
  • Identification of preferred medications and dosing strategies.

Main Results:

  • Most antidepressants, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are compatible with breastfeeding.
  • Insulin, metformin, and certain contraceptives are generally preferred for diabetes and family planning.
  • Stimulants may reduce milk supply; opioids can sedate infants; herbal supplements lack safety data.

Conclusions:

  • Prioritize maternal treatment with the safest medication options.
  • Utilize resources like LactMed for evidence-based prescribing decisions.
  • Careful medication management ensures infant safety while supporting breastfeeding.