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Challenges and Neuropsychological Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Borderline Intellectual Functioning
Heli Sätilä1, Laura Mirjami Jolma1,2, Mira Meriläinen-Nipuli3
1Department of Child Neurology, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Keskussairaalankatu 7, 15850 Lahti, Finland.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 23, 2022
Summary
Individuals with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) often experience developmental delays and require significant educational support. Many face declining cognitive function and an increased risk of developing intellectual disability (ID).
Area of Science:
- Neuropsychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is characterized by developmental delays.
- Early identification of BIF is crucial for timely intervention.
- Comorbidities and educational needs are common in individuals with BIF.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate neuropsychological profiles in BIF.
- To examine comorbidities, diagnoses changes, and educational trajectories in BIF.
- To identify early developmental factors associated with BIF.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective chart review of participants with BIF.
- Analysis of neuropsychological data, diagnoses, and educational outcomes.
- Study of developmental factors and psychiatric referrals.
Main Results:
- High rates of psychiatric comorbidity (41% referred, 45% medicated) and need for educational support (92%).
- Declining neuropsychological performance over time, with 23% later diagnosed with intellectual disability (ID).
- Early indicators include language/motor delays, executive function deficits, and learning difficulties.
Conclusions:
- Individuals with BIF require ongoing support due to risks of academic and social challenges.
- Early developmental signs necessitate prompt intervention and monitoring.
- Repeat neuropsychological testing before elementary school graduation is recommended to identify potential ID.
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