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Related Concept Videos

Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
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Microcracking in Concrete01:20

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
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Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

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Configurable Crack Wall Conduction in a Complex Oxide.

Youngki Yeo1,2, Soo-Yoon Hwang3, Jinwook Yeo4

  • 1Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea.

Nano Letters
|January 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed oxygen vacancies gathering at crack walls in strontium titanate (SrTiO3) thin films, enhancing electrical conductance. This finding offers potential for developing advanced low-dimensional memories and neuromorphic computing applications.

Keywords:
SrTiO3crack wall conductioncracksoxide nanoelectronicsoxygen vacancy

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Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Mobile defects, such as oxygen vacancies, are crucial for memristive switching and neuromorphic computing.
  • Confining and manipulating point defects is key for developing advanced low-dimensional memory devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spontaneous gathering of oxygen vacancies at crack walls in strontium titanate (SrTiO3) thin films.
  • To understand the role of flexoelectricity in defect manipulation and its impact on electronic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Growth of SrTiO3 thin films on DyScO3 substrates to induce strain relaxation and crack formation.
  • Measurement of electronic conductance at crack walls compared to crack-free regions.
  • Analysis of switchable diode-like features and temporal relaxations of surface potential and lattice expansion.

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous accumulation of oxygen vacancies observed at strain-relaxed crack walls due to flexoelectricity.
  • A significant enhancement in electronic conductance (10^4 times) at crack walls compared to defect-free SrTiO3.
  • Observation of switchable asymmetric diode-like behavior attributed to oxygen vacancy migration and junction formation.

Conclusions:

  • Flexoelectricity drives oxygen vacancy aggregation at crack walls in SrTiO3, creating conductive pathways.
  • The observed phenomena pave the way for novel low-dimensional memory and neuromorphic computing applications.
  • The determined mobile defect diffusivity (1.4 × 10^-16 cm^2/s) aligns with oxygen vacancy kinetics.