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Characteristics associated with dietary patterns in Brazilian children under two years of age

Rumão Batista Nunes de Carvalho1, Maria Laura da Costa Louzada2, Fernanda Rauber2

  • 1Universidade Federal do Piauí. Faculdade de Enfermagem. Picos, PI, Brasil.

Revista De Saude Publica
|January 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Two distinct dietary patterns, one based on fresh foods and another on ultra-processed items, were identified in Brazilian children under two. Sociodemographic factors significantly influence adherence to these patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Public Health
  • Nutritional Epidemiology

Background:

  • Understanding dietary patterns in early childhood is crucial for long-term health outcomes.
  • Socioeconomic and regional disparities in Brazil may influence children's diets.
  • The 2013 National Health Survey (PNS) provides a robust dataset for analyzing national health trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize dietary patterns in Brazilian children under two years of age.
  • To investigate the association between identified dietary patterns and sociodemographic factors.
  • To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and health service utilization in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study utilizing data from the 2013 National Health Survey (PNS).
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to identify dietary patterns in two distinct age groups (6-11 months and 12+ months).
  • Linear regression models were used to assess correlations between dietary patterns and various sociodemographic characteristics and health service use.

Main Results:

  • Two primary dietary patterns emerged: one emphasizing fresh/minimally processed foods and another centered on ultra-processed foods.
  • Adherence to the fresh food pattern was associated with higher income, urban residence, and more developed regions, particularly in older infants.
  • Adherence to the ultra-processed food pattern showed inverse associations with certain ethnicities and regions (Northeast), and direct associations with Black or Brown children in more developed areas.

Conclusions:

  • Two contrasting dietary patterns exist in Brazilian children under two years old.
  • Significant social determinants, including income, race/color, region, and type of childcare, influence children's dietary choices.
  • These findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to promote healthier eating habits in early childhood across diverse Brazilian populations.
Abstract

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