Full waveform inversion based on the ensemble Kalman filter method using uniform sampling without replacement

Full waveform inversion (FWI) has been increasingly more and more important in seismology to better understand the interior structure of the Earth. FWI, by taking advantage of both the traveltime and amplitude in the data, provides high-resolution model parameters of the earth which can produce images with high resolution. However, this inversion method conventionally suffers from non-uniqueness due to many local minima of the objective function and large computing costs. In this study, we propose a new FWI method in a semi-random framework by integrating the ensemble Kalman filter and uniform sampling without replacement. Numerical results demonstrate that the new method can achieve high-resolution results and a wider convergence domain. Accordingly, the new method overcomes the disadvantage of conventional FWIs that depend strongly on the initial model.