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Related Concept Videos

Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

8.5K
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
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The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
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Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

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A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes
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Two-dimensional materials for synaptic electronics and neuromorphic systems.

Shuiyuan Wang1, David Wei Zhang1, Peng Zhou1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

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|January 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial synaptic electronics mimic biological synapses for advanced neuromorphic computing. Two-dimensional (2D) materials show promise for creating efficient artificial synapses and brain-inspired computing systems.

Keywords:
2D materialsArtificial synaptic electronicsHebbian learningNeuromorphic computationSynaptic plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science
  • Computer Engineering

Background:

  • Biological synapses are fundamental to neural systems, enabling functions like learning and memory.
  • Neuromorphic computing aims to replicate brain-like processing, overcoming limitations of traditional architectures.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer unique electronic properties suitable for artificial synapse development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of 2D materials in creating artificial synaptic electronics.
  • To review recent advancements in 2D material-based neuromorphic computing.
  • To provide insights into utilizing 2D materials for hardware implementation of artificial synapses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of bio-synaptic plasticity and learning principles.
  • Analysis of the 2D materials library and their preparation methods.
  • Survey of current research on 2D material-based synaptic devices and neuromorphic systems.

Main Results:

  • 2D materials exhibit properties conducive to simulating synaptic plasticity.
  • Recent studies demonstrate the efficacy of 2D materials in artificial synaptic electronics.
  • Progress has been made in developing 2D material-based neuromorphic systems.

Conclusions:

  • 2D materials are highly promising for developing next-generation artificial synaptic electronics.
  • Further research in 2D materials can accelerate the realization of efficient neuromorphic hardware.
  • Harnessing 2D materials is key to advancing brain-inspired computing paradigms.