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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
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[Merkel Cell Carcinoma].

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor that affects older adults and is diagnosed more frequently due to an aging population. Immunooncology is a key treatment alongside surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Dermatology
    • Pathology

    Context:

    • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer.
    • Incidence is increasing, particularly in older populations (median age 75-80).
    • Early metastasis is a characteristic feature of MCC.

    Purpose:

    • To highlight the evolving treatment landscape for Merkel cell carcinoma.
    • To emphasize the growing importance of immunooncology in managing this aggressive tumor.
    • To provide an overview of current therapeutic options.

    Summary:

    • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rapidly growing neuroendocrine tumor with a propensity for early metastasis.
    • Treatment modalities include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.
    • Immunooncology has emerged as a significant therapeutic strategy for MCC.

    Impact:

    • Increased awareness of MCC as a rising oncological concern in aging demographics.
    • Highlights the critical role of immunooncology in improving outcomes for aggressive cancers.
    • Informs clinical practice regarding multimodal treatment approaches for Merkel cell carcinoma.