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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Microstructural Pattern Formation during Far-from-Equilibrium Alloy Solidification.

Kaihua Ji1, Elaheh Dorari1, Amy J Clarke2

  • 1Physics Department and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new model for rapid alloy solidification that includes nonequilibrium interface effects. This model reveals a new instability in dendrite growth and explains the formation of banded microstructures in alloys like Al-Cu.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics
  • Solidification Science

Background:

  • Rapid alloy solidification is crucial for advanced materials.
  • Understanding nonequilibrium effects at the solid-liquid interface is challenging.
  • Dendrite growth and banded microstructures are common phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel phase-field model for rapid alloy solidification.
  • To quantitatively incorporate nonequilibrium effects over a wide range of interface velocities.
  • To investigate the mechanisms behind dendrite tip instability and banded microstructure formation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new phase-field formulation.
  • Performed simulations of rapid alloy solidification.
  • Analyzed dendrite tip growth dynamics and microstructure evolution.
  • Compared simulation results with experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • Identified a new dynamical instability in dendrite tip growth.
  • The instability is driven by solute trapping at high interface velocities.
  • Successfully reproduced the formation of banded microstructures.
  • Demonstrated transitions between dendritic and microsegregation-free solidification.
  • Achieved quantitative agreement between predicted and observed band spacings in Al-Cu thin films.

Conclusions:

  • The new phase-field model accurately captures rapid solidification phenomena.
  • Solute trapping-induced instability is a key mechanism for banded microstructure formation.
  • The model provides a powerful tool for predicting and understanding alloy solidification.