An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence in Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics

Technological breakthroughs, together with the rapid growth of medical information and improved data connectivity, are creating dramatic shifts in the health care landscape, including the field of developmental and behavioral pediatrics. While medical information took an estimated 50 years to double in 1950, by 2020, it was projected to double every 73 days. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered health technologies, once considered theoretical or research-exclusive concepts, are increasingly being granted regulatory approval and integrated into clinical care. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has cleared or approved over 160 health-related AI-based devices to date. These trends are only likely to accelerate as economic investment in AI health care outstrips investment in other sectors. The exponential increase in peer-reviewed AI-focused health care publications year over year highlights the speed of growth in this sector. As health care moves toward an era of intelligent technology powered by rich medical information, pediatricians will increasingly be asked to engage with tools and systems underpinned by AI. However, medical students and practicing clinicians receive insufficient training and lack preparedness for transitioning into a more AI-informed future. This article provides a brief primer on AI in health care. Underlying AI principles and key performance metrics are described, and the clinical potential of AI-driven technology together with potential pitfalls is explored within the developmental and behavioral pediatric health context.