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Aleksandra Duda-Chodak1, Tomasz Tarko1, Katarzyna Petka-Poniatowska2

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This review explores antimicrobial agents in food packaging, detailing their use in active and smart packaging systems. It covers various agents like metals, peptides, and plant extracts to extend food shelf life.

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Materials Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Innovative food packaging solutions are crucial for extending shelf life and maintaining food quality.
  • Active and smart packaging represent advanced approaches, offering enhanced functionalities beyond containment.
  • Antimicrobial agents are key bioactive components integrated into packaging to inhibit microbial growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on antimicrobial agents utilized in the food packaging industry.
  • To discuss the roles and differences between active and smart food packaging systems.
  • To explore the application of various antimicrobial agents in packaging materials for food preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of scientific publications on antimicrobial agents in food packaging.
  • Analysis of different categories of antimicrobial agents and their incorporation into packaging materials.
  • Discussion of innovative food packaging concepts, including active and smart packaging.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of major antimicrobial agent groups: metals/metal oxides, organic acids, peptides/bacteriocins, plant-derived agents, enzymes, lactoferrin, chitosan, allyl isothiocyanate, reuterin system, and bacteriophages.
  • Examples of how these agents are incorporated into diverse packaging materials.
  • Identification of agents already in use and those with potential for future applications, including biomaterials.

Conclusions:

  • Antimicrobial agents are effectively employed in food packaging to enhance food safety and extend shelf life.
  • The reviewed agents offer diverse mechanisms to combat microbial spoilage in food products.
  • Future research directions and development perspectives for antimicrobial food packaging are highlighted.