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Mandibular condylar process remodeling in rats with different bite-altering devices.

W Li, S Trbojevic, J B Pineda-Farias

    European Cells & Materials
    |February 14, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    The resin molar dental splint caused the most significant mandibular condylar process remodeling in rats, primarily a slant of the lateral aspect. This study highlights splint material impact on jaw morphology.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
    • Histology

    Background:

    • Dental splints are used to alter occlusion.
    • Understanding their impact on jaw morphology is crucial for treatment planning.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the effects of different dental splint materials on mandibular condylar process morphology and histology.
    • To investigate the degree of abnormal loading induced by various splint designs.

    Main Methods:

    • Unilateral placement of three dental splint types (resin molar, aluminum incisor, stainless-steel incisor) in Sprague Dawley rats for 4 weeks.
    • Assessment of gross morphology and histology of mandibular condylar processes.
    • Quantitative analysis of condyle shape using hematoxylin and eosin stained images.

    Main Results:

    • All splint types affected condylar cartilage, with the resin molar splint causing the most extensive remodeling, characterized by a lateral slant.
    • Significant increases in split and tilt angles of ipsilateral condylar processes were observed in the resin molar group compared to contralateral sides.
    • No significant changes in fibrocartilage layer thickness were found across different regions.

    Conclusions:

    • Dental splint material significantly influences mandibular condylar process remodeling.
    • The resin molar splint induces substantial changes in condyle shape, suggesting its potential for research into occlusal perturbation effects.
    • Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and influencing factors like age and sex.