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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

6.9K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
6.9K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

155
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
155
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

3.1K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

384
Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
384
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

55
Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns
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Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

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Behaviour within a Clinical Trial and Implications for Mammography Guidelines.

Amanda E Kowalski1

  • 1Department of Economics, University of Michigan.

The Review of Economic Studies
|February 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

US mammography guidelines may encourage overdiagnosis in healthier women. Healthier women, more likely to get mammograms, experience significantly higher rates of overdiagnosed breast cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Screening
  • Public Health Policy
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Mammography guidelines are evolving due to concerns about overdiagnosis, where asymptomatic breast cancers are detected that may never cause harm.
  • Current US guidelines for women aged 40-49 recommend mammograms based on personal choice rather than a strong recommendation, reflecting these concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of US mammography guidelines in targeting women.
  • To assess whether current guidelines inadvertently lead to higher overdiagnosis rates in specific populations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mammography behavior within a long-term clinical trial cohort.
  • Examination of the relationship between likelihood of receiving mammograms and overdiagnosis rates.
  • Stratification of overdiagnosis by participant health status and socioeconomic factors.

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Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biopsy Data to Guide Sampling Procedures for Prostate Cancer Biobanking

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Main Results:

  • Women more likely to undergo mammograms tend to be healthier and have higher socioeconomic status.
  • Overdiagnosis rates were at least 3.5 times higher over 20 years for women most likely to receive mammograms.
  • Approximately 36% of cancers detected in this high-screening group were overdiagnosed.

Conclusions:

  • US mammography guidelines may disproportionately encourage screening among healthier women who are at a higher risk of overdiagnosis.
  • The findings suggest a potential misalignment between current US guidelines and the goal of minimizing overdiagnosis.
  • International guidelines may offer alternative approaches to mammography recommendations.