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  • 1Institut für Philosophie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, GermanyLeda.Berio@rub.de; Albert.Newen@rub.deledaberio.comhttps://www.pe.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/philosophie/ii/newen/index.html.de.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a gradualistic view of human expression origins, addressing ambiguities in previous theories regarding nonhuman species

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Cognitive science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Previous theories on human expression have left key questions unanswered.
  • Specifically, the reasons for the lack of expression in nonhuman species remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a gradualistic account of the origins of human expression.
  • To address the ambiguities in existing theories regarding nonhuman species' expressive capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of expressive behaviors across species.
  • Examination of metarepresentational abilities in relation to expression.
  • Exploration of factors beyond cognitive abilities influencing expression, such as trust.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific ambiguities in Heintz & Scott-Phillips's account of human expression.
  • Proposed a novel gradualistic framework for understanding the evolution of human expression.
  • Highlighted the multi-factorial nature of expression, including cognitive and social elements.

Conclusions:

  • Human expression likely evolved through a gradual process.
  • The absence of expression in nonhuman species is not solely due to a lack of metarepresentation.
  • A comprehensive understanding of expression requires considering a range of cognitive and environmental factors.