MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Given the difficulties of diagnosis, the absence of a typical clinical picture of myelodysplastic syndrome accompanied by cytopenia, a high risk of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia, discussion of the formation, terminology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical course and principles of management of this group of tumor diseases is very relevant. The review article discusses the issues of terminology, pathogenesis, classification and diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), as well as the principles of management of this category of patients. Due to the absence of a typical clinical picture of MDS, in order to exclude other diseases accompanied by cytopenia, not only routine hematological examination methods are necessary, but also a mandatory cytogenetic examination of the bone marrow. Treatment of patients with MDS should be individualized, taking into account risk group stratification, age and physical status. To improve the quality of life of patients with MDS, epigenetic therapy with azacitidine has an advantage. Myelodysplastic syndrome is an irreversible tumor process with a clear tendency to transform into acute leukemia. The diagnosis of MDS is always made with caution by excluding other diseases accompanied by cytopenia. To make a diagnosis, not only routine hematological examination methods are necessary, but also a mandatory cytogenetic study of the bone marrow. The management of patients with MDS is still an unresolved problem. The approach to the treatment of MDS should be individualized and based on the patient's risk group, age, and somatic status. Epigenetic therapy has an advantage when choosing management tactics for MDS in terms of improving the quality of life of patients.