Causal Relationships Between Glycemic Traits and Myopia.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Genetics
• Metabolic Health

Background:

• The relationship between sugar intake, glycemic control, and myopia risk is not well understood, with conflicting research findings.
• Existing studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the influence of glycemic traits on myopia development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between various glycemic traits and the risk of developing myopia.
• To clarify the impact of glycemic control on myopia using genetic evidence.

Main Methods:

• A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design was utilized.
• Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies were analyzed for six glycemic traits (adiponectin, BMI, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, proinsulin) and myopia.
• The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method and sensitivity analyses were employed.

Main Results:

• Lower adiponectin levels were consistently associated with a reduced incidence of myopia.
• Higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia.
• Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these associations.

Conclusions:

• Genetic evidence indicates that low adiponectin and high HbA1c are risk factors for myopia.
• Findings suggest that lifestyle factors influencing blood glucose, such as diet and physical activity, may offer strategies for myopia prevention or delay.