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This study introduces a scalable diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) system using a large SPAD array and FPGA design. It achieves significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains for monitoring cerebral blood flow and brain activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical optics
  • Neuroimaging
  • Optical instrumentation

Background:

  • Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a noninvasive method for monitoring cerebral blood flow.
  • Current DCS systems face scalability challenges with discrete detectors for parallel measurements.
  • Increasing sensitivity requires enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for functional activation tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scalable DCS system with high sensitivity and resolution.
  • To demonstrate the performance of a large SPAD array and FPGA design in DCS.
  • To improve SNR and temporal resolution for brain blood flow monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 500x500 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array.
  • Implemented an advanced field-programmable gate array (FPGA) design for data processing.
  • Configured the system for varying SNR and correlation bin width.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an SNR gain of nearly 500 compared to single-pixel DCS.
  • Demonstrated a temporal resolution of 400 ns across 8000 pixels.
  • Showcased system reconfigurability for trade-offs between SNR and resolution.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SPAD array and FPGA-based DCS system offers a scalable solution for enhanced cerebral blood flow monitoring.
  • This advancement significantly improves SNR and temporal resolution, enabling more sensitive detection of functional brain activity.
  • The system's reconfigurability provides flexibility for diverse neuroimaging applications.