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Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System

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Published on: October 16, 2013

Microphysiological systems to study colorectal cancer: state-of-the-art.

Pedro Ramos^1,2, Mariana R Carvalho^1,2, Wei Chen^3,4

¹3B's Research Group, I3B's-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Avepark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.

|March 8, 2023

Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic cultures, including organoids and spheroids, offer a more accurate model for colorectal cancer (CRC) research than traditional 2D methods. These advanced models improve understanding of the tumor microenvironment and drug resistance, paving the way for personalized medicine.

Keywords:

colorectal cancer microbiome microfluidics patient-derived organoids spheroids tumour microenvironment

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Published on: August 26, 2014

Area of Science:

Oncology
Biotechnology
Microfluidics

Background:

Traditional 2D cell cultures in colorectal cancer (CRC) research fail to replicate in vivo conditions, limiting their clinical relevance.
2D cultures lack the three-dimensional (3D) structure, cellular heterogeneity, and complex tumor microenvironment (TME) crucial for understanding CRC progression.
This discrepancy leads to unreliable drug testing results and hinders the development of effective patient treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the state-of-the-art in colorectal cancer (CRC) research focusing on advanced 3D in vitro culture models.
To highlight the potential of microphysiological systems, including organoids, spheroids, and microfluidic devices, for understanding the TME and drug resistance.
To explore the application of these models in personalized medicine, early diagnosis, and metastasis research.

Main Methods:

Focus on 3D microfluidic in vitro cultures such as organoids and spheroids.
Review of research utilizing tumor-on-chips and body-on-chips technologies.
Emphasis on applications including drug resistance, circulating tumor cells, and microbiome-on-a-chip.

Main Results:

3D cultures, particularly microfluidic systems, better mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment and cellular heterogeneity.
Organoids and spheroids show promise in studying drug resistance and patient-specific responses.
Microfluidic platforms enable investigation of inter-organ signaling, metastasis, and early cancer detection via liquid biopsies.

Conclusions:

Advanced 3D microfluidic in vitro models represent a significant improvement over 2D cultures for colorectal cancer research.
These systems are crucial for a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment, drug resistance, and metastasis.
The development and application of these technologies are key steps towards achieving personalized medicine in CRC treatment.